Vegard Kvernelv

This user manual describes the COHIBA surface modeling software. It consists of: Part I Introduction: Basic ideas and terminology Part II User manual: Usage, input data, and results Part III Tutorials: Special topics such as volumes, simulation, and faults Part IV Reference manual: Descriptions of all COHIBA model file elements Part V Theory: Methods used by COHIBA Part VI Appendix: Release notes, known issues, references, list of acronyms, tables and figures, and an index

This user manual describes the COHIBA surface modeling software. It consists of: Part I Introduction: Basic ideas and terminology Part II User manual: Usage, input data, and results Part III Tutorials: Special topics such as volumes, simulation, and faults Part IV Reference manual: Descriptions of all COHIBA model file elements Part V Theory: Methods used by COHIBA Part VI Appendix: Release notes, known issues, references, list of acronyms, tables and figures, and an inde

This user manual describes the COHIBA surface modeling software. It consists of: Part I Introduction: Basic ideas and terminology Part II User manual: Usage, input data and results Part III Tutorials: Special topics such as volumes, simulation and faults Part IV Reference manual: Descriptions of all COHIBA model file elements Part V Theory: Methods used by COHIBA Part VI Appendix: Release notes, known issues, references, list of acronyms, tables and figures, and an index Advanced topics and technicalities are marked by the warning symbol in the right margin. COHIBA model file elements marked by this warning symbol should be used with some care. The latest version of this document is available at: www.nr.no/COHIBA. For COHIBA support contact Pal.Dahle@nr.no or Ariel.Almendral.Vazque@nr.no. The following scientists at Norwegian Computing Center has contributed to the development of COHIBA: Petter Abrahamsen Pål Dahle Frode Georgsen Vera Louise Hauge Gudmund Hermansen Odd Kolbjørnsen Lars Bakke Krogvik Vegard Berg Kvernelv Inge Myrseth Audun Sektnan Arne Skorstad Harald Soleng Ariel Almendral Vazquez Maria Vigsnes Ingrid Aarnes The front page shows two fences along well paths on top of a faulted surface on the Valhall carbonate field in the North Sea. The illustration is made by Ingrid Aarnes. We thank Aker BP for permission to publish the illustration.

HAVANA is a program for simulating faults in petroleum reservoirs, and for integrating the effects of these faults into the reservoir description. The HAVANA project has a long history, the original sponsors being Statoil, BP, and Norsk Hydro. Other sponsors include Conoco Norge AS, Saga Petroleum AS and Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research at University of Bergen.

We generate independent Gaussian random variables on a regular grid and use a spatial filter to smooth the independent random variables to obtain a spatially correlated Gaussian random field. The FFT is used to speed up the smoothing since convolution is a simple cell by-cell multiplication in the Fourier domain. A representation of the spatial convolution filter in the Fourier domain is efficiently obtained from the FFT of any stationary correlation function. Since FFT is cyclic, the grid must be padded to ensure that opposite sides are uncorrelated. The size of the padding is discussed in detail. Most standard covariance functions fail to be positive definite on finite cyclic domains. This causes striping artifacts in the final simulated realizations and failure to meet statistical properties such as variogram reproduction in the simulated realizations. These problems are addressed and solutions are provided to ensure near perfect statistical properties of the generated realizations. The method is fast and can generate a hundred million grid cell realization in approximately 1.5 minutes on a standard laptop PC. The method scales approximately linearly in the number of grid cells.

The NATO Modelling and Simulation Group MSG-136 "Modelling and Simulation as a Service (MSaaS)" targets to develop a service architecture providing rapid deployment of interoperable and credible simulation environments. This paper presents the results of a system demonstrator which was developed by the MSG-136 TEC subgroup showing the interaction of three coupled services to simulate a land scenario. These services are: * A CGF service (computer generated forces) providing the capability to model platforms including its sensors, weapon and communication systems as well as its behaviour. * A SES service (synthetic environment service) providing the required virtual 3D terrain information. MSG-136 Proof of concept demonstrator for SaaS within NATO environments * An RPS service (route planning service) providing the capability to plan a route under complex situational factors (e.g. road / surface conditions, hostile threats, vehicle parameters etc.) These services have been coupled through lightweight service-oriented technology and have been successfully deployed in a demonstrator environment in order to simulate a tank convoy scenario in a threatening environment. The demonstrator provides a proof of concept for a lightweight and stateless service-based simulation environment which may be extended and hosted on a NATO cloud.